May 13, 2009

cube grenades

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[Update: Essen­tial Rea­ding– “Work With Hugh: Everything You Always Wan­ted To Know About “Cube Gre­na­des’ But Were Afraid To Ask.”]

Above is a photo that one of my friends on Twit­ter sent me. He basi­cally down­loa­ded one of my car­toons off my blog, prin­ted it out, and stuck it outside his cube at work, for other peo­ple to see, hope­fully to com­ment on, and hope­fully, to start a con­ver­sa­tion.
This, I believe, is where my car­toons work the best– “Cube Gre­na­des”- small objects that you “throw” in there in order to cause some damage– to start a con­ver­sa­tion, to spread an idea etc.
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[The Blue Mons­ter]
The Mic­ro­soft Blue Mons­ter is pro­bably my best-known Cube Gre­nade, which is why I made it into a limi­ted edi­tion print even­tually.
carton888.jpg
Seth Godin first put his Pur­ple Cow book into a pur­ple milk car­ton for the same rea­son– he gues­sed [quite rightly, as it tur­ned out] that peo­ple would see the car­ton on somebody’s desk, inquire about it, and a con­ver­sa­tion about the mar­ke­ting ideas con­tai­ned in the book would be star­ted.
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[The Pur­ple Cow print]
And the Pur­ple Cow print was desig­ned the same way. OK, it might be a bit big to dis­play in a cube– you need a lot of wall space for this one– but the idea is the same– Con­ver­sa­tions that hap­pen around the object are more inte­res­ting than the actual object itself.
“Cube Gre­na­des”. Exactly. Car­toons desig­ned to affect change as “Social Objects”. Exactly.
[Check out some of my limi­ted edi­tion prints over at gapingvoidgallery.com.]

[Update:]


Since I pos­ted this “Cube Gre­na­des” idea yes­ter­day, I’ve been giving it A LOT of thought. Here are some notes:
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[More “Cube Gre­na­des” in action. Click on image to enlarge etc.]
1. Like I said, my car­toons work best when they’re used as “Cube Gre­na­des” i.e. small objects that you “throw” in there in order to cause some damage– to start a con­ver­sa­tion, to spread an idea etc. But other social objects can be used as well– pur­ple milk car­tons, home­made coo­kies, funky mou­se­pads, rub­ber toys, news­pa­per clip­pings etc. It’s the peo­ple that mat­ter, not the object they socia­lize around. I don’t claim to have a mono­poly.
2. Repeat After Me: Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects. Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects. Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects
3. All big change in com­pa­nies come from the peo­ple in the trenches, who do the actual day-to-day work. To change their beha­vior, you have to change the way they inte­ract. Peo­ple inte­ract around social objects. Change the social objects, and you change the com­pany.
4. My friend, Mark Earls once told me a story about a friend of his. The friend pla­yed a key role in the mas­si­vely suc­cess­ful cor­po­rate tur­na­round recently under­ta­ken by McDonald’s.
His friend told him, “We knew we were scre­wed, NOT when the nutri­tion and green issues star­ted hit­ting the news­pa­pers, but by the sim­ple fact that our staff on the floor just weren’t clea­ning the tables and the bath­rooms like they used to. We knew THEN that our peo­ple had lost faith in our com­pany.“
What social objects were peo­ple using, both during the company’s dec­line and during its tur­na­round? What cube gre­na­des were being thrown about, both before and after? I bet you they weren’t the same.
5. Yes, I am fully aware that your cus­to­mers are paying for the qua­lity of the pro­ducts and ser­vi­ces your busi­ness pro­vi­des, not for the qua­lity of the cube gre­na­des flying around your cor­po­rate head­quar­ters. But they are all rela­ted. Everything of value that your busi­ness crea­tes is the pro­duct of a already-existing social dyna­mic. Busi­nes­ses are peo­ple, not machi­nes. And peo­ple socia­lize around objects.
6. An Open Let­ter to Ad Agen­cies: Guys, you are NOT selling mes­sa­ges any­more. You are selling social objects. The work that you create will affect the cube gre­na­des and social objects, that your clients and their cus­to­mers use to inte­ract with each other.
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[More Cube Gre­na­des. “I use them as covers for my bin­ders strewn about my desk, to start con­ver­sa­tions”, says the per­son who e-mailed me the photo. Click on image to enlarge etc.]
7. You see a guy wal­king out of an Apple store, loo­king all exci­ted about his new Apple com­pu­ter he’s carr­ying under his arm? Why is he so exci­ted? Sure, he just got him­self a nice-looking piece of kit, but what REALLY exci­tes him is all of the COOL, DISRUPTIVE STUFF he’s going to MAKE with his new machine. Videos, music mixes, wha­te­ver. For his FRIENDS and his PEERS. Again, it’s the SOCIAL that makes it inte­res­ting. Apple makes cube gre­na­des, just like the ad agen­cies. Just like you do.
8. Peo­ple down­load my car­toons and stuck them on their walls by the THOUSANDS. A much sma­ller num­ber spend money to buy the more expen­sive ver­sions i.e. my prints. But the idea is the same i.e. a way for peo­ple to inte­ract. As I’m fond of saying: The con­ver­sa­tions AROUND the object are FAR more inte­res­ting than the object itself. And what is true for me is true of your pro­duct, as well. “Peo­ple Mat­ter. Objects don’t.” Exactly.
9. So when do I start char­ging? You can down­load my stuff for free, so why should you buy a print? Who says you should? I’m gues­sing that if one of my car­toons is mea­ning­ful enough to you, you’ll get tired of seeing it prin­ted on the office laser­prin­ter paper in low-resolution, get­ting all worn and torn, with the Scotch tape get­ting all yellow and crinkly. If you like the dra­wing enough, even­tually you’ll want to upgrade. The same way, back in college, that I would upgrade to vinyl or CDs, once the cheap and nasty cas­sette tape of my favo­rite band star­ted get­ting all fuzzy and worn out. The same way I gladly paid $20 to hear the band play live, rather than hear the same songs on the cas­sette. “Mea­ning Sca­les”. The more cube gre­na­des I throw out there, the more mea­ning­ful inte­rac­tion I create for other peo­ple, the more peo­ple will want to pay for it even­tually. If I loc­ked it all down as a cash-only tran­sac­tion, it would all die a horri­ble death over­night.
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[Privately-commissioned “Cube Gre­na­des” i.e. limi­ted edi­tion, fine art prints that I did for my Bra­zi­lian client, agen­ciac­lick. Click on image to enlarge etc.]
10. Pro­bably the job I’m most proud of recently, is when I was hired by a Bra­zi­lian ad agency, agen­ciac­lick to create a pri­va­tely com­mis­sio­ned edi­tion of cube gre­na­des i.e. fine art prints. See photo above.
They didn’t want these prints for them­sel­ves; they wan­ted to give these out to their clients, as con­ver­sa­tion star­ters.
“All brands are open brands? Huh? What does that mean? Do you agree with it? Why? What does “open” actually mean? What does “brand” actually mean…?” You get the pic­ture. The same idea that made The Blue Mons­ter so suc­cess­ful. Again, it wasn’t about the mes­sage, the object. It was all about the social.

11. My long-term goal is to make more privately-commissioned “Cube Gre­na­des”
for more clients like agen­ciac­lick. It was a won­der­ful wor­king expe­rience for me, and I want to spend more time in that busi­ness. If you find this idea inte­res­ting, please feel free to e-mail me at gapingvoid@gmail.com. Thanks.



[Update:]

To keep everything on the same page, I copied & pas­ted the entire “Ad Agency Pitch” from May 30th below. Thanks.
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[Sig­ning the agen­ciac­lick cube gre­nade a cou­ple of weeks ago…]
Over the last cou­ple of weeks I’ve been tal­king with various adver­ti­sing and PR folk about the Cube Gre­nade idea. Here are some notes:
1. In terms of the adver­ti­sing and PR indus­tries, the Cube Gre­nade is basi­cally con­cei­ved as a rela­ti­vely cheap and effec­tive Social Object to arti­cu­late the Purpose-Idea of a brand or com­pany.
2. If the agency has an idea they REALLY want to sell to their client, they might have bet­ter luck if they first arti­cu­late the idea via a Cube Gre­nade desig­ned by me, rather than the tra­di­tio­nal “agency pitch” model. The agency’s idea is somehow arti­cu­la­ted as a com­mis­sio­ned print, the print is given out as a gift, to peo­ple within the rele­vant cons­ti­tuency. The print hangs on a wall, other peo­ple see it, and if the idea is any good then peo­ple will start tal­king about it. That con­ver­sa­tion will lead to other con­ver­sa­tions. If the idea is any good, other ideas [and oppor­tu­ni­ties] will be spaw­ned from it.
3. The Cube Gre­nade is not a glo­ri­fied adver­ti­sing pos­ter. I’m not pri­ma­rily inte­res­ted in why peo­ple should buy the client’s pro­duct per se. I’m far more inte­res­ted in the human dyna­mic, the collec­tive human drive that makes the client’s peo­ple want to get up in the mor­ning and go to work. That is where THE REAL VALUE is crea­ted.
4. Because the Cube Gre­nade is given as a gift– an act of love, as it were– AND NOT A DELIVERABLE WANTING TO BE SOLD, it will break through the cul­tu­ral barriers of the client com­pany a lot more cheaply and quickly than your stan­dard “Big Adver­ti­sing Idea”. The game here is not about “Selling An Ad”, the point is to make the client more alive, more human, more aware of their own human poten­tial. Again, this is where is where THE REAL VALUE for the client-agency rela­tionship is crea­ted.
5. Whether the Cube Gre­nade “works” or not in the end, both agency and client will find out if the thought behind it works A LOT soo­ner and inex­pen­si­vely than exe­cu­ting your ave­rage ad cam­paign. Like all com­mu­ni­ca­tion, the idea needs to RISK FAILURE if it’s ever to be any good. “Fail cheap, fail often”, as the great ven­ture capi­ta­list, Esther Dyson likes to say.
6. As I’ve said before to the ad agen­cies: “Guys, you are NOT selling mes­sa­ges any­more. You are selling Social Objects. The work that you create will affect the Cube Gre­na­des and Social Objects, that your clients and their cus­to­mers use to inte­ract with each other.” This is why I’m tal­king to adver­ti­sing folk. At the end of the day, we’re both in the same busi­ness.
7. To get more back­ground rea­ding, please visit my Cube Gre­nade archive here. You might also want to check out “The Hugh­train” to get a bet­ter unders­tan­ding of where my ideas are coming from.
8. As always, if this idea is of any inte­rest to you, please feel free to con­tact me at gapingvoid@gmail.com. Or if you know someone in the adver­ti­sing industry, please send them along to this page [Here’s the link]. Thanks!

"Hugh's Daily Cartoon" Newsletter. A new cartoon sent out every weekday morning to your inbox [RSS version here.]. A wee chuckle to start your day off right etc.

41 Responses to “cube grenades”

  1. Deanna McNeil says:

    I do this with your car­toons as well. Ha, cube gre­na­des. Love that. I do have inte­res­ting con­ver­sa­tions, no doubt. Thanks Hugh.

  2. Lodwig says:

    Is it legal to down­load and print your con­tent just like that?

  3. Seth says:

    Hugh,
    Thanks for using the photo of my cube and your awe­some car­toon.
    I can honestly say that it sparks more com­ments and dis­cus­sions (some of the “if HR knew about this” variety) than anything else I’ve ever put on my wall.
    When the job or life has me down, I think about trying to live up to that stan­dard of “being totally fuc­king ama­zing”.
    Thanks again for blog­ging about the photo; I love the cube gre­nade ter­mi­no­logy.
    Thanks for tal­king to me at SXSW this year.
    Thanks for calling me a friend.

  4. Bazily says:

    yep, had “hams­ter wheel” on the cube wall just the other day. lots of funny looks. some expla­na­tion of what’s a “hugh”

  5. heat says:

    You got mic­ro­soft just right

  6. Anonymous says:

    Don’t have a cube at my office, (I work mobile), but have the next best thing — your car­toons as my desk­top and screen­sa­ver. They defi­ni­tely start con­ver­sa­tions.
    I can (and do) change them to reflect what is hap­pe­ning in the mar­ket or within the com­pany. We are currently in a pretty big mer­ger, so your “Per­ma­nent State of Rein­ven­tion” is there at the moment.
    It starts con­ver­sa­tions with whoe­ver sees it…

  7. Ryan Greene says:

    I used to keep a cou­ple print outs of that car­toon that I would slip into people’s mail­bo­xes. I also had a tiny print out of it that I kept right under my recei­ver on my desk phone, so every time I pic­ked up the phone I would see it.

  8. iain says:

    i foun­ded a star­tup with 2 other ex-Microsoft guys, seve­ral years ago. We had a prin­tout of the Blue Mons­ter car­toon on the door of our base­ment office for the lon­gest time with Mic­ro­soft scratched out and our startup’s name in its place. Change the World or Go Home. In fact that was the only deco­ra­tion we had in the office!

  9. dondo says:

    3. All big change in com­pa­nies come from the peo­ple in the trenches.
    An empo­we­ring fan­tasy, but a fan­tasy nonethe­less. The peo­ple in the trenches can pro­foundly influence the exe­cu­ti­ves, but the change can and will only come when those in charge make it so.
    The famed and still rele­vant W. Edwards Deming used to say “The pro­blem is at the top; mana­ge­ment is the pro­blem.” …“Dr. Deming empha­si­zed that the top-level mana­ge­ment had to change to pro­duce sig­ni­fi­cant dif­fe­ren­ces, in a long-term, con­ti­nuous man­ner.“
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming

  10. hugh macleod says:

    Dondo, “Make it so”? Make what so? Mana­ge­ment actually makes nothing.
    Gene­rals don’t kill the enemy. Peo­ple under their com­mand kill the enemy.
    Not that Gene­rals don’t pro­vide an inva­lua­ble ser­vice, of course…

  11. gene says:

    Hugh’s car­toons are defi­ni­tely con­ver­sa­tion star­ters. Besi­des having one on my busi­ness cards, there are seve­ral in the office.
    The best con­ver­sa­tion gene­ra­ted was from “Medioc­rity sucks’” as my screen saver. I boo­ted up the lap­top for the webex and it chan­ged the whole tone of the mee­ting. As one VP said, “No one wants to be mediocre.”

  12. Alex Grech says:

    I’ve used your car­toons in con­ver­sa­tions, in pre­sen­ta­tions — to illu­mi­nate, upset, moti­vate, change peo­ple I cared for. And some­ti­mes peo­ple whom I wished I could shake out of wha­te­ver moment they were stuck in. I don’t have a cubicle any more. And that’s the whole point. In the same ways that others have writ­ten about esca­ping from cubicle nation, peo­ple like you, and Godin, get some of us to turn the ship of their lives in a dif­fe­rent direc­tion. It’s vio­lent, some­ti­mes uncom­for­ta­ble pro­cess. You play with a gre­nade at your own risk. But it’s what we need, some­ti­mes, to get us out of our com­fort zone. You always do. Love this.

  13. Greg says:

    I work in tech­ni­cal ser­vi­ces at a big uni­ver­sity here in Canada. At con­vo­ca­tion all of the of gra­dua­tes must walk by my com­pu­ter screen, which has its desk­top back­ground, “Peo­ple Mat­ter. Objects Don’t.“
    I had at least a dozen peo­ple com­ment on it, and many more stare at it while they were wai­ting to get their degree.
    It is something I have to remind myself of daily, because it is too easy to see peo­ple as incon­ve­nient when in rea­lity, I am able to feed myself because of these peo­ple.
    (I also have your, “I work extre­mely hard doing what I love, mainly to ensure that I don’t have to work extre­mely hard doing what I hate” above my desk for those nights I have to pull the ridi­cu­lous hours schoo­ling and work require)
    Thank you for ins­pi­ring someone who spent 10 years doing what he hated before he ris­ked doing what he loved.

  14. James says:

    I put the
    Com­pany Hie­rarchy:
    Socio­paths
    Clue­less
    Losers
    one as my desk­top some­ti­mes. Although the top row should really be “Clue­less Sociopaths”

  15. Go Hugh! I love the sum­ma­tion of your crea­ti­vity rift, engra­ved on my iPod– “Work hard. Be nice”.
    You rock.

  16. here’s mine:
    http://twitter.com/chimchim237/status/1807614351
    it’s behind my moni­tor, in a, “small place”. it reminds me to go loo­king in small pla­ces. with those who have noti­ced it, it sparks some inte­res­ting discussions.

  17. DoreenatDMS says:

    Although I’m not in a cube, I *do* have blue­train #4 on my wall — a defi­nite con­ver­sa­tion star­ter. I love what I do, but I do wish at this moment, that I wor­ked for Sony Pic­tu­res Enter­tain­ment chief exe­cu­tive offi­cer Michael Lynton!

  18. Helmut says:

    For me buying one of your prints wasn’t only about having one of my favou­rite mes­sa­ges on the wall in art form. It was also my way of saying thank you! for the thoughts you’re sha­ring here with us.
    I must have read your “bio” 10 times. And I’m sure I’ll read it again. I’ve never read a more per­so­nal and honest “CV”. Well, to be pre­cise: I’ve never read a cv with dra­wings in it. It was a WOW! moment. That was my cube grenade.

  19. clay says:

    Yes. For a few weeks now, I have had the IGNORE EVERYBODY print as the desk­top image on one of my monitors…the one that is least often clut­te­red with docu­ments and pro­grams. I love it.
    I’m glad I was using it as you inten­ded.
    Bombs away!

  20. Marshall says:

    Hugh; First, thanks for the con­ti­nuous ins­pi­ra­tion.
    Second, a short (true) story: A few years ago I wor­ked for a high end, hand built bicycle com­pany where my job was to guide the design team (notice I don’t say “manage”). With far, far less artistry than you I crea­ted and pos­ted a Cube Bomb. It said simply, “Strong, Light, Cheap. Pick any two.” To keep the story short let me just say that it was so dis­rup­tive that I was threa­te­ned by my GM and, lite­rally, for­ced to take it down. No amount of explai­ning could con­vince him to let it stay up.
    Some years have pas­sed and I now work for another com­pany. My for­mer com­pany no lon­ger hand builds bicyc­les in North Ame­rica but ins­tead pro­du­ces them in China. Go figure.

  21. Hugh,
    Can you give us a link to the ori­gi­nal “Qua­lity not job one” cartoon?

  22. paperheadman says:

    Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects. Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects. Cube Gre­na­des are Social Objects…
    Good idea, i’ve just star­ted a “change all desk­top” ope­ra­tion ;)

  23. Ferdi Zebua says:

    Gene­rals don’t kill the enemy. Peo­ple under their com­mand kill the enemy.
    Not that Gene­rals don’t pro­vide an inva­lua­ble ser­vice, of course…

    Hugh, have you got a car­toon illus­tra­ting the above, or simi­lar?
    It espe­cially reso­na­tes with my current situa­tion where middle and upper mana­ge­ment are pushing to meet tar­gets and dead­li­nes, mee­ting qua­lity con­trol stan­dards, intra office poli­tic­king, while no one is focu­sing on actually making the funny sto­ries hap­pen…
    (and that I could do something about it, if I really wan­ted to.)

  24. I’m so happy to have a name for these now: Cube Gre­nade. Yes.
    Ever since fin­ding them, I have been emai­ling your car­toons off to cause trou­ble.
    Now I almost wish I had a cube.

  25. John Rutter says:

    Hugh,
    Find it inte­res­ting to read this blog post about ‘cube gre­na­des’, as I found it quite interesting/amusing to put up one of your car­toons (the lifestyle remai­ned) on my twin moni­tor dis­plays that are *extre­mely* visi­ble in my cor­ner spot of a low-panelled cubicle.
    Plenty of foot­fall past that cor­ner gave rise to various com­ments, rai­sed eye­brows or just inqui­si­tive expres­sions. Inte­res­ting mate­rial.
    Rec­kon that a sim­ple screen­sa­ver with alter­na­ting car­toon ima­ges might be a use­ful approach too. Obviously that only works when not at my desk, or not using my PC, but still a wortwhile idea, I think.

  26. After fin­ding your car­toons the first thing that really made me want to share them, and the thing that made it more pos­si­ble, is the crea­tive com­mons license you have on your work.
    It’s awe­some!
    Seeing your car­toons every­day is the mini kick up the ass I need to get wor­king sometimes.

  27. Ferdi Zebua says:

    @John Rut­ter: in Win­dows XP and above, use the My Pic­tu­res Sli­deshow screen­sa­ver, which should be inc­lu­ded in a stan­dard ins­ta­lla­tion. Create a fol­der of Hugh’s car­toons, somewhere within My Pic­tu­res perhaps, and set the Sli­deshow Screen­sa­ver to use that fol­der as its pic­ture source (right-click on the desk­top and select screen­sa­ver, then find “My Pic­tu­res Sli­deshow”).
    And this is of course very pos­si­ble in most other GUI-based modern ope­ra­ting sys­tem. Those more fami­liar with OS-X and/or Ubuntu/Gnome/KDE/X-ScreenSaver can perhaps enligh­ten us.

  28. I plan­ted a Cube Gre­nade of “If you tal­ked to peo­ple the way adver­ti­sing …” behind my desk (on an ad agency).
    It stood there for 3 years.
    Nobody bother to asked me what it meant or who did it.
    So last Fri­day, my last day (i resig­ned), i pos­ted on the moni­tor and left, and on my goodbye email i launched my last gre­nade and emai­led ever­yone at the Office the Clue­train Mani­festo. Maybe that would help.
    I look for­ward to keep thro­wing more cube Gre­na­des on my new job. May I borrow some of the car­toons of your new book? (still have to order it though, as i mis­sed the chance to get a free one).
    Keep those Cube Gre­na­des coming, Hugh.

  29. Matt Lacey says:

    I don’t have any walls by my desk, but have crea­ted a screen saver fea­tu­ring some of my fave cartoons.

  30. Richard says:

    it’s like the small guri­lla stuff, really inte­res­ting post, spin­vox have been get­ting cube gre­na­des out there for ages with their little spin­vox men — http://blog.spinvox.com/ defi­ni­tely an inte­res­ting tal­king point, nice bunch of peo­ple too

  31. Tim says:

    I have my “cube gre­na­des” on the wall in my hall­way at home, see pic­ture: http://www.belowbelief.com/archives/2009/05/crazy-deranged-fools.php where they regu­larly get con­ver­sa­tions star­ted when guests come round.
    And I regu­larly “throw gre­na­des” into an emai­led news­let­ter at work to cause trou­ble or just to make peo­ple take things less seriously. They do cause a rai­sed eye­brow here and there some­ti­mes.
    Thanks for let­ting us use them in this way Hugh and yes — I might very well upgrade to the “higher qua­lity” ver­sion soon.

  32. […] at a price I am pre­pa­red to pay. Do I care what sort of pen or wha­te­ver Hugh uses when dra­wing Cube Gre­na­des? Nope. Only that the finished article makes me smile for which I’ll hap­pily pay a premium. […]

  33. […] has does really good car­toons over at Gaping Void.  He also does these things he calls “cube gre­na­des.”  Some of the cube gre­na­des come from the car­toons, some are made just to be cube grenades. […]

  34. […] is a rea­son that Macleod’s Cube Gre­na­des reso­nate with me. I don’t agree with every one of them. But I look at the world in much the […]

  35. […] yes­ter­day to this mes­sage on Twit­ter. Turns out, Hugh crea­ted the above Cube Gre­nade in my honor. (For the defi­ni­tion of  a “Cube Gre­nade,” click here.) He often does these for pri­vate com­mis­sion, so to say I’m flat­te­red is an […]

  36. […] Hugh tem uma capa­ci­dade genial de desenhar car­toons que expli­cam um con­ceito de forma inte­li­gente e bem humo­rada. Por exem­plo, ele diz que qual­quer negó­cio pre­cisa ser um objeto social, ou algo que as pes­soas quei­ram falar sobre. Outro termo que ele usa é cubicle gre­na­des, que é uma gra­nada social. Uma forma pequena e pode­rosa de gerar con­versa. Os car­toons dele (veja vários abaixo) são uma forma muito inte­res­sante de expli­car o que é uma cubicle grenade. […]

  37. […] my friend Dready put it in desig­ning my new “cube gre­nade“, McCa­llum Solu­tion is “the box… and everything outside it”, and it is the […]

  38. […] en car­too­nist Hugh Mcleod legt hier uit waa­rom hij cube gre­na­des maakt. Dit zijn kleine uit te prin­ten car­toons, gemaakt om op te […]

  39. […] like the idea of Cube Gre­na­des, the book is desig­ned to pro­voke a reac­tion and stir a call to action. If there’s one key message […]

  40. […] are just a shor­te­ned form of Hugh Macleod’s idea of Cube Gre­na­des, mea­ning an object crea­ted “to start a con­ver­sa­tion [or] spread an idea.” This entry […]